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Inverters are usually switched with pulse width modulation (PWM), which is a switching pattern very close to a sinusoid. Rectifiers may also have a power factor correction stage, so the VFD and motor are seen at a high power factor from the grid side supplying the rectifier, to reduce current drawn from the grid into the VFD and motor.
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The inverter and rectifier may be single-phase to supply single-phase motors or three-phase to supply three-phase motors. VFDs typically include a rectifier stage for AC/DC conversion, followed by an inverter stage for DC/AC inversion.